MonroeS4

Replace the bolt ASAP as the pads will wear funny and probably chatter. Not to mention you don't want to explain to the investigator about the bolt after your brakes fail and there's an accident. You are driving an unsafe vehicle.
The caliper bolt will cause most problems only when applying the brakes. With no pressure on the pads there is almost no influence on anyting as the pads touch nothing.
Did the repair shop check the front wheel bearings? They may have failed by themselves or due to damage due to all the vibration and axle misalignment.